Grapes

Grapes

Grape Culture - woody climbing plant of up to 30-40 m Perennial shoots reach a considerable size, annuals - up to 3-5 m in length. Grape leaves are simple serrated, 3 -5- lobed. The flowers are small, greenish, dioecious, and fragrant. Juicy fruit with green, amber, purple, dark blue or dark red berries, gathered in clusters.

Flowering vines in May - June, ripens in August - September, and some varieties even in October, in the culture of grapes cultivated as an ornamental and fruit plants.

In grape berries contain a lot of water - from 55 to 87 %, sugar 16 to 26 %, mainly glucose and fructose, glycosides, cellulose, pectin, aroma and tannin. Berries contain acid: malic, citric, tartaric, phosphoric, succinic, silicon, formic, oxalic, etc., salts of potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorous, cobalt and enzymes.

In the skin of berries are tannins, pectin, pigments, anthocyanins, and essential oils. In the fruit of grapes rich in vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, P, folic acid, provitamin A and vitamin C.

According to the content of nutrients, except fat, grapes closest milk, grape seeds contain oil and fat tannins and leafs - flavonoids, choline, tannins and organic acids.

Used the fruits of grapes for eating fresh and for processing .

The dried, grapes, raisins - it keeps its flavor and nutritional properties.

Grape juice - a valuable dietary product. Upon receipt of juice by-product - bagasse - is used to feed livestock. From grapes cooked compotes, preserves, jams, syrups, vinegar cooked and marinated grapes prepare seasoning or garnish for grilled meats and game, used in the preparation of cabbage “mayonnaise”.

Evaporation of concentrated fruit juice and cook nutritious sweet “sausage” stuffed with nuts - Caucasian cherchuhela delicacy.

From grapes make great wine, in which almost all of the vitamins are stored. These wines have a tonic and diuretic properties. They are beneficial to health when consumed in moderation.

Prepare and non-alcoholic wine, preserving the valuable properties of the product.

Wine grape used to make a variety of drinks, sauces and desserts.

Therapeutic use of grapes

* In ancient times, doctors were advised to eat grapes in between meals, but not earlier than 2-3 hours after a meal.

* Grape juice prevents the development of anemia, rickets, contributes to the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, scurvy, heart disease.

Grapes used in the depletion of the body, the primary forms of tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, hemorrhoids, gastro -intestinal diseases, diseases of the kidneys, liver, and gout.

* Grapes useful in anemia. It contains three vitamins that contribute to blood formation: folic acid (increases blood formation), vitamin K (affects blood clotting) and vitamin E (strengthens the walls of blood vessels, normalizes blood pressure). In coumarin contained in grape pulp oksikumarina are present, they help the blood to clot. The complex of trace elements contained in the grapes also promotes blood formation.

* Of the dried leaves of the grape powder and cook take it 2-4 g with internal, mainly uterine, bleeding.

* Moderate consumption of red or white wine (50-60 g daily) increases in the body of “good” cholesterol (HDL), which, in turn, dramatically reduces the amount of “bad” cholesterol (LDL), which occludes the arteries and leads to heart attacks.

* Grapes are recommended as a tonic and restorative remedy for various asthenic conditions, with loss of strength.

* The fruits of grapes are useful in nervous disorders and insomnia.

* Diseases of the cardiovascular system (the initial stage of hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.) recommend fresh grapes and grape juice. Good influence on the circulation of red and black grapes.

* Glucose contained in grapes, has a positive effect on muscle tone and contractile activity of the heart.

* Raisins contains a lot of potassium, beneficial for the heart and blood vessels.

* For colds and respiratory diseases prepare a decoction of raisins and used as an expectorant and antitussive: 100 g raisins cook 10 minutes in 1 cup of water, then squeeze and take 70-100 g 3-4 times a day. It also helps decoction of raisins with a bit of onion juice.

Grapes are very useful in acute airway inflammation, bronchial asthma and pleurisy.

* Use a grape as a useful tool for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the initial form. Effective action is rendered aromatic muscat varieties Isabella, Muscat Hamburg, etc.

* In diseases with fever grapes are sometimes used as a diaphoretic.

* If you violate the fat and mineral metabolism grapes has a bracing effect.

* Action grapes like the action of alkaline waters. But they are very much sodium and chloride ions, and the advantage of grapes is that it contains salts of iron, potassium, silicon and phosphoric acids. Therefore, patients with uric acid diathesis is strongly recommended that treatment with grapes, it displays the body of uric acid and prevents the formation of stones.

* Extracts of grape leaves contribute to the excretion of oxalic acid.

* In gout and diseases of the liver are used berries and grape juice.

* In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by decreased secretion of gastric juice, as well as constipation and hemorrhoids are recommended dietary juice and grapes.

* If poisoning morphine, cocaine, arsenic, strychnine, sodium nitrate consumed grapes. The high content of glucose it has antitoxic properties.

* In cases of bladder and kidney stones as a diuretic recommend raisins and grapes - for kidney disease (chronic nephritis, etc.), because grapes have diuretic properties.

Grapes, especially Muscat varieties, capable of killing bacteria, due to its properties and fitontsidnym aromatics grapes inhibits the growth of putrid intestinal flora, kills E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. The best from this point of view is sort Tayfi pink, it most protective compounds.

* Grape leaves have an antibacterial effect and promote healing of purulent wounds and ulcers:

- Extract from the leaves advice gargle for sore throat, wash wounds and ulcers;

- To wounds and boils apply fresh crushed leaves.

* Grape juice, red wine and tea from raisins have a strong resistance to viruses - poliovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV -1 and HSV -2) and reovirus.

* As the wine and grape juice drink is not everything, then a more universal means of strengthening the immune system is Izyumova Tea: to 750 grams of water, 250 g of raisins, 1 teaspoon of molasses, stir, cover with a lid and pushing for 1 hour, filtered, and stored teas in a refrigerator.

Take 200-250 grams daily.

WARNING!!!

• Before you start treatment with grapes, you should consult with your doctor.

• Treatment of grapes and drinking it in large quantities is contraindicated for patients with diabetes and obesity. Grapes have high calorie content due to the high content of sugars in it, mainly glucose.

• Do not eat grapes:

- In acute gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, in remission may have tender, juicy variety, in which very little fiber: Chasselas, Riesling, etc.

- Colitis, accompanied by diarrhea;

- By strengthening the processes of fermentation in the gut;

- Chronic pharyngitis and chronic inflammation of the lungs;

- In acute heart failure, accompanied by edema and increased pressure;

- In violation of potassium metabolism due to chronic renal failure.

• Grapes accelerate the destruction of dental caries in the tissues, so the grapes before starting treatment teeth must be fully cured. To protect your teeth after each meal of grapes should be well rinsed mouth with plenty of baking soda.

Elderberry

Elderberry

Shrub or tree height from 2 to 8 m.

Sambucus nigra belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae. It is found in the undergrowth of deciduous forests in the south-west and south of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus and southern Siberia. Thermophilic species, tolerates dry air, shade-tolerant. Growing very fast, but requires fresh and fertile soils, distributed elderberry bush in old parks, in gardens, in the countryside near dwellings.

The tree trunk and older branches ash- gray color with a cracked crust and the core branches of white. The leaves are opposite, paripinnate, long-pointed, serrated, with 5-7 ovate leaves. The flowers are yellowish-white, small, fragrant, collected in large flat -flowered corymbose panicles (inflorescences). Black elderberry blossoms in June.

The leaves contain resins having a laxative action. In the fresh leaves found ascorbic acid and carotene in the bark of branches - essential oil. Elder flowers and flower buds contain the essential oil, valeric acid, tannin, fruit - ascorbic acid and carotene.

Fruits-black, small, shiny red drupes with purple juicy flesh, sweet-sour, gathered in large clusters. Peduncle and painted red. Berries ripen in August. The fruits are hanging after the falling of the leaves.

Dried elder predominantly in the sun for 2-3 days.

The berries of black elder consumed fresh. They are trained marmalade, jam, wine, jelly. Berries contain a dye, so the juice can be used to color the fruit and berry juices and wines.

Therapeutic use of elderberry

* In medicine used young leaves, flowers, fruits and bark of elderberry as an astringent, diaphoretic and diuretic agents, as well as mouthwash and poultices.

* In rheumatoid arthritis, gout and arthritis drink a decoction of elder flowers.

* In chronic constipation cooked in honey and taken as a laxative young spring leaves.

* In rheumatism and neuralgia use fresh berries.

* Is prepared from the dried berries and jelly is used as a laxative.

* For constipation take the infusion of fruit. 10 g of dried fruits soaked in 200 g of boiled and cooled water for drinking 150-200 g once daily.

WARNING!!!

Sambucus nigra, unlike elderberry red fruits of which are considered toxic, do not contain any harmful substances.

Red elderberry is different from the black elderberry greenish white flowers which smell, and red fruits.

Elderberry red can not be used in any form.

Foxberry

Foxberry

Lingonberry, cowberry, upland berry and Borovinka are the names given to the berry of the people.

Lingonberry - a small shrub of the family cranberry height of 25-30 cm Rhizome creeping, branching stem, erect. The leaves are leathery, oval, with the edges slightly rolled down, dark green, shiny, light green bottom, matte, with scattered brown dots (glands).

The flowers are pinkish, collected in a short, drooping apical brush, corolla bell-shaped, with four teeth, rolled out.

Fruit - spherical bright red shiny berries.

Lingonberry grows and gives abundant harvests, not only in the usual places, but also in the swamp, in an environment that is not fit for its habitat, heavily waterlogged.

The underground economy cranberries large and complex, its rhizomes grow up to 5 years under the ground, only for the 6th year of coming to the surface and give life to the young bush. Rhizome length is 6 m and bears up to 20 dead and at 5-6 young bushes. Each segment of the rhizome is home to around 20 years old, then dies and is replaced by a new, wholly owned subsidiary branch.

So think about the future of the crop at the plantation before you collect bouquets of branches with ripe cranberries, pulling them from the roots.

All valuable in this plant: and berries, and leaves.

Leaves cranberries are widely used for medicinal purposes. They are harvested in early spring with the appearance of the plants under the snow until May and July (until the shoot out small, like a waxy, white- pink flowers with a pleasant smell) and fall after fruiting. At other times, it is impossible to collect the leaves: they turn black when dried.

Leaves are plucked by hand without uprooting. And we must note that the roots of this perennial plant are deposited in the ground only 2 - 4 cm and is therefore easily vulnerable.

Lingonberry leaves contain tannin glycoside arbutin, hydroquinone, and gallic, hinnuyu, tartaric acid, vitamin C.

During the bitter- tart flavor berry cranberries are valued less than the acidity. Harvested fruit does not deteriorate due to the presence of benzoic acid in them, which actively prevents the development of yeasts.

Cowberry contains many manganese and potassium, ascorbic acid, carotene, pectins, organic acids (malic, citric, benzoic, etc.), tannins.

The berries can be watering, pickle without sugar. Lingonberry jam - a nice side dish for grilled meats and game. Cook cranberry compote, candy, cook juices, toppings for sweets.

Therapeutic use of cranberries

* Infusion of leaves, cranberries used as a diuretic for kidney, liver, as well as rheumatism and gout. 10 g of leaves pour 100 g of boiling water, insist 2 hours, strain. Take 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day before meals.

* Berries cranberries consumed in vitamin deficiency.

* In general weakness, colds, constipation, headache, flu take a drink from the juice of cranberries. 50 g of juice diluted with 150 g of cooled boiled water, add sugar or honey to taste. Drink 100 g 3-4 times a day after meals.

* For constipation, liver disease, kidney disease, colitis, take 100 grams of infusion of berries cranberries 4 times a day before meals. 200 g of berries in a colander poured boiling water and then soaked in 400 g boiled water cooled 6:00.

WARNING!!!

The leaves and berries cranberries do not have any contraindications?

Hawthorn blood-red

Hawthorn blood-red

Spiny shrub or small tree up to 4 m in height.

Shoots purple-brown shiny straight thick spines to 2.5 cm long petiolate leaves are alternate, obovate, 3 -7- lobed, toothed on the edge: dark green above, light below. The flowers are white and pink, in corymbose inflorescences. It flowers in May - June, fruits ripen in September and October. The fruits are oblong, blood-red or orange, fleshy, powdery pulp.

Hawthorn grows well and bears fruit in the undergrowth of deciduous and mixed forests, on the margins, on the banks of rivers and ravines, valleys and mountain slopes. Propagated by seeds, shoots from the stump, root suckers and layering. Demanders to soils, but grows best in fresh, fertile soils. Winter-resistant, drought-resistant, makes shading, thrives in the open field. In culture it bred as an ornamental and fruit plants, to create a dense, impenetrable hedges.

The fruits are eaten fresh or processed. From the dried and ground fruits of hawthorn prepared flour from which the bread is baked sweet.

The fruits are going to prepare a surrogate coffee and tea as well as jelly and jam.

Hawthorn berries contain a volatile oil, a bitter substance krategin, tannins, krategusovuyu acid, tannic acid, citric acid and oleanolic acid, carotene, vitamin C.

Therapeutic use of hawthorn

* When nervous disorders, hypertension and cardiac neurosis use water infusion of hawthorn. It is made from a mixture of the fruit of the hawthorn - 4 parts, motherwort - 4 parts, chamomile - Part 1.

1 tablespoon of the mixture pour 1 cup of boiling water, infused for 2 hours.

Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

* In atherosclerosis, tachycardia, arrhythmias, insomnia, takes a decoction of fruit: 100 g of fruits are crushed, boiled for 30 minutes on low heat in 0.5 liters of water.

Drink 50-100 g of 3 times a day.

A decoction with sugar - a remedy for headaches.

WARNING!!!

By eating hawthorn berries, remember that in large quantities, they cause mild poisoning.

Barberry

Barberry

In the European part of Russia barberry is widely distributed in the Crimea and the Caucasus. It is drought resistant and cold-resistant. It grows well in poor shading on the edge of forests, scrublands and in river valleys. By the soil demanders, on moist soils form numerous suckers.

Propagated by seeds and suckers, in Siberia grows Siberian and the Far East - Amur barberry.

Branch of barberry, upward, seated tripartite spines, serrated leaves and yellow flowers in drooping racemes, with a strong peculiar odor that attracts bees. The flowers of this shrub are a good honey plant.

May - time of flowering barberry. The fruits ripen in August - early September. Autumn leaf color change - they become dark red, purple.

Berry - dark red, oblong-cylindrical brush collected. They are edible, have a pleasant taste, quench thirst, contain glucose fructose, malic acid, and vitamin C.

It is recommended to collect them in late fall slightly frostbitten.

The berries of barberry are widely used in food. They are used as a seasoning for meat dishes of Caucasian cuisine. Of these, prepare jam, juice, syrup, jelly, marmalade, candy. The fruit is widely used in confectionery and alcoholic beverage production. The pulp of ripe fruit can replace the lemon.

In folk medicine used for medicinal purposes fruits, roots and leaves of barberry.

Therapeutic use of barberry

* The leaves bark and roots of barberry contain the alkaloid berberine, lowers blood pressure and reduces heart rate.

* The young leaves contain malic acid, vitamin C, carotene, and are eaten in the form of salads and marinades are a good means of anti-scorbutic.

* Diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as anti-inflammatory and choleretic infusion of the leaves is used: 10 g (1 tbsp) chopped dried leaves pour 1 cup of hot water, close lid and heated in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then allowed to cool, filter, squeeze, made up of boiled water to the original volume, store the prepared infusion in a cool place. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.

* Gastritis with low acidity, to strengthen the capillary walls can be a great tool to prepare, quenches thirst - extract from the fruit of barberry: 1 piece of fruit is filled with 10 parts of boiling water, and when the infusion has cooled, strain it through cheesecloth and store in a cool place. Take 0.5 cup 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

* The fruit of barberry is used to improve appetite, thirst and lower the temperature in febrile states, as a choleretic, diuretic, protivoponosnoe and improving blood circulation means.

Banana

Banana

Banana - a perennial herbaceous plant of the banana family. In nature, there are 70 kinds of bananas, from dwarf to tall (60 cm to 15 m in height). Psevdostvol banana - a strong, thick and short, it is completely hidden under the ground. Rhizomes, which are arranged spirally giant leaves in the tall varieties reach up to 4 meters in length and 90 cm in width.

Banana - berries with leathery shell and juicy flesh, elongated, cylindrical, curved sickle, cut, arranged in bunches, reaching 30-50 kg weight. In the fruit is tasty and sweet, aromatic flesh powdery white-cream color.

The most common garden varieties of bananas are banana “wise men” or an Indian banana, up to 10 m; banana Chinese, or the Cavendish banana, it is called a dwarf banana, or Canario, up to 2 m.

Sort banana “wise men” is a source of food for millions of people in tropical countries. Grade Chinese banana fruits are lighter weight, more common because of the good tolerability of the cooler climate. Sort plantain belongs to a group of mealy bananas, it is called a banana dessert. The fruit of this banana is very rich in starch, but they taste savory. Most often they are used in a boiled, baked or used to make flour.

Banana - one of the first plants cultivated by man. It is believed that all of its edible species evolved from a sharpened banana, native to the South - East Asia.

You should know that bananas, dospevayuschie on the tree, do not achieve the required flavor and aroma, and lose them. Peel and pulp of the fruit cracking easily affected diseases. Therefore, immature fruit is removed. Bought bananas should be stored in a cool - 10-12 ° C place, but not in the refrigerator. Greenish fruit stored at higher temperatures, bunches of fruit hung, and not kept in plastic bags.

In fruit pulp contains up to 80% of water, cellulose, pectin, improve digestion, starch ( 7-20 %), which when converted to ripening fruit sugar, protein - 1.3 %, carbohydrate - 25% (mainly sucrose), malic acid, tannic and aromatic substances, enzymes, vitamin C, B1, B2, B6, PP, provitamin A, catecholamines. According to the content of vitamin C is not inferior to some bananas citrus fruit: ripe fruit in a 100 g pulp is from 8 to 12 mg of this vitamin.

Bananas contain calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, and a lot of potassium. Aromas of fresh fruit depends on the presence of their flesh esters.

For many populations bananas are an important food that replaces bread, meat, potatoes and other foods. Eat them fresh or processed. Ripe fresh fruit is used as a dessert, immature - as a vegetable dish. Flour and jams, jellies and marmalades, syrups and wine, a coffee substitute made ​​from the pulp of the banana. They are fried and baked, boiled in oil, dried in the sun and smoked .

In the tropics, green leaves, stems, roots, fruit and peel the fruits are used as feed for cattle, elephants, pigs. Fresh and dried banana leaves are used instead of wrapping paper, plates and fibers of the leaves make a rough paper, rope, mats, fishing equipment.

Therapeutic use of bananas

* The content of diverse and easily absorbed by the human sugary nutrients and minerals, as well as the availability of a wide range of vitamins, bananas are one of the most valuable fruit plants, which are increasingly used in medical practice.

* Eating 1-2 bananas a day has sustained tonic effect: improved mood, concentration and performance, reduces fatigue, clears the body.

* To gain weight, increase muscle mass, should eat bananas every day. Sports doctors working with wrestlers, football players and weightlifters, recommend them to regularly consume this fruit.

Bananas as rice play an important role in the specific diet Japanese sumo.

Bananas, as a source of potassium and magnesium, are assigned to the fasting days of patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension, if they can not tolerate hunger.

Bananas are useful in nephritis and liver disease, urolithiasis, with dialedeznyh bleeding and stomatitis.

* In the gastro-intestinal diseases fruits bananas are recommended as a mild laxative.

* The fruit pulp contains important physiologically active substances - catecholamines: dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine. Thanks to these substances bananas are successfully used in the treatment of intestinal disease and peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. In children with gastro-intestinal diseases are an effective means of crushed fruit banana.

* Bananas are prescribed for diarrhea, enteritis, ulcerative colitis and diverticulitis.

* Juice of banana has a positive therapeutic effect with hemorrhages in the stomach and duodenum, with cholera and dysentery.

* Bananas toning agent is contained ephedrine, which slightly raises blood pressure, stimulates the central nervous system, increases blood sugar levels, and has a spasmolytic effect on broncho-pulmonary muscles.

* Avicenna wrote that bananas help as a remedy for impotence.

* When an allergy is assigned banana diet that is good for the treatment of celiac disease - an allergy to gluten in some cereals, detectable, usually in young children up to 10 bananas a day, such a diet. However, the treatment of a young child suffering from this disease, you should always consult with a physician.

Bananas have sedative properties. The juice from the stalks of the plant is used as a sedative and anticonvulsant in hysteria and epilepsy. These properties of bananas have been scientifically confirmed.

* Unripe bananas crushed, dried, and then applied to diabetic ulcers on the legs.

* The healing properties and has a banana peel:

- Pack of ripe banana peel is applied to the forehead and the back of the head to relieve the pain associated with migraine;

- A decoction of the fresh green rind is used as a remedy for high blood pressure;

- The inner surface of the skin of a ripe banana is applied to burns, rashes, abscesses;

- From plantar warts there is a method of deliverance, confirmed by clinical studies: a banana skin attached to the base, the inner side to the wart, with washing of feet it is removed and then replaced with fresh. This method requires long-term treatment, but gives good results.

WARNING!!!

• Daily consumption of bananas depends on the overall condition of the body, it is not the same for different diseases. For therapeutic purposes, these fruits should be consumed in doses and only under medical supervision. Bananas - heavy enough food, they are slowly digested, produce flatulence in the intestine and impedes the flow of bile. They should be thoroughly chew and eat small portions. Do not eat bananas and drink on an empty stomach with water.

• Bananas increase the density of blood, so they are contraindicated in thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, as well as those who have suffered heart attacks and strokes.

• Bananas and banana juice should not be there in the acidity of gastric juice.

• In diabetes drug ripe banana should also be limited. But for people with diabetes are immature good food and cooked fruits and ripe banana helps with hypoglycemic episodes.

Chokeberry Aronia

Chokeberry Aronia

Many years gustovetvisty deciduous shrub up to 2.5 m leaves are alternating obovate or elliptic with serrated edges. The flowers are white, sometimes pink and clustered in dense corymbose inflorescences.

The fruits yagodovidnye round or spherical in shape is with 8 dark brown seeds, black or black and purple, with a slight bloom, gathered in clusters. Aronia Blossoms in June and July, the fruits ripen in August - September.

Chokeberry Aronia berries palatable, contain carbohydrates, a group of flavonoids that have P-vitamin, ascorbic acid, organic acid, tannin, manganese, molybdenum, copper, boron, iodine, magnesium, and iron.

Of chokeberry Aronia berries are prepared juices, jam, jams, jellies, soft drinks, from the obtained juice bioactive food colorant used in the confectionery industry.

For the preparation of fruit juice washed pour water (based on 100 g of water per 1 kg of fruit) was heated to 60° C and stirring constantly kept at this temperature until an hour until berries are soft. Then run them through a meat grinder or mash wooden pestle, weight drained.

Therapeutic use of chokeberry Aronia

* In atherosclerosis and hypertension to simultaneously take chokeberry Aronia rosehips or blackberries are rich in vitamin C, which promotes better absorption of vitamin P.

It should be remembered that the hypertension drug chokeberry Aronia can produce side effects, so a doctor's advice is needed;

* Fresh fruits chokeberry for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases take 3 times a day with 50-100 g.

* Berries and black chokeberry juice lodnoy effective in the treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis disease with increased fragility and permeability of the vascular wall (allergic vasculitis, scarlet fever, measles, capillary-toxicosis, eczema, dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, bleeding from different backgrounds).

* When gastric diseases and fruit juice from Aronia chokeberry increase the acidity and stimulate the action of gastric juice, their use in the treatment of gastritis with low acidity of gastric juice.

* Under the influence of fruit juice and chokeberry Aronia balanced excitation and inhibition in the brain, reduced emotional imbalance.

* In chokeberry Aronia berries are a large amount of iodine, so they are recommended for diseases of the thyroid gland (in the adjuvant therapy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease) and radiation sickness.

* Chokeberry Aronia Berries - effective cholagogue, leaves and improve liver, promote the formation and release of bile.

* Due to the high content of anthocyanins chokeberry Aronia useful in the diet cancer patients.

* Water extract (no sugar) for diabetes patients: 1 tablespoon chopped dried fruit pour 1 cup of boiled water for 30 minutes and filtered. Take 2-3 tablespoons 3 times a day. Insist stored in a cool place.

WARNING!!!

• Aronia Aronia (chokeberry) contains a lot of ascorbic acid. Therefore, patients with hypertension and angina should not use it in large quantities. Overdose leads to increased blood clotting and threatens the formation of blood clots.

• Do not abuse the aronia berries and a tendency to thrombophlebitis.

• In gastritis with high acidity, duodenal ulcer and stomach, with increased blood clotting chokeberry Aronia not be used.

Watermelon

WATERMELON

How to choose a watermelon

Delicacies from watermelon

Watermelon carving

Watermelon cosmetics

How to grow a watermelon in the middle lane

Watermelon - annual herb with creeping stems branching length of 2-3 meters, the species of the genus Watermelon (Citrullus) Cucurbitaceae family (Cucurbitaceae).

The fruit of watermelon is the large globular false berry with a smooth surface and a pink or red juicy sweet flesh.

Some varieties have white flesh and yellow-white in color.

The birthplace of watermelon is South and Central Africa. Watermelon is cultivated in many parts of the earth with a dry and hot climate.

Currently, watermelons are grown in 96 countries around the world in more than 1,200 varieties.

In watermelon pulp contains from 5.5 to 13% sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose bit).

At the time of ripening predominate glucose and fructose, sucrose accumulates during storage watermelon.

Fructose accounts for about half of all sugar and sweetness defines watermelon. Fruit weight 3-4 kg contains 150 g of pure fructose.

Watermelon - a source of pectin, fiber, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, folic acid and pro-vitamin A, as well as salts of manganese, nickel, iron, magnesium and potassium.

In the pulp contains:

pectin - 0,68 %, protein - 0.7 %, calcium - 14 mg / %, magnesium - 224 mg/%, sodium - 16 mg/%, potassium - 64 mg/%, phosphorus - 7 mg/%, iron in the form of organic - 1 mg/%, vitamins - thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, carotene - 0.1-0.7 mg/%, ascorbic acid - 0,7-20 mg/% alkaline substances.

In 100 grams of edible portion of the fruit contains 38 calories.

Watermelon seeds contain up to 25 % fatty oils, for physical and chemical properties similar to almond, rich in vitamin D.

Watermelons are eaten fresh. Watermelons are eaten fresh. The flesh of watermelon well satisfies quencher. Fruits are small watermelons used for pickling and canning. Evaporating the watermelon juice, cook thick watermelon "honey" (nardek), which contain up to 90 % sugar. (Resulting in a similar manner from the juice of the grape vine "honey" called bekmes or doshab, also called bekmesom of cooked juices of various fruits, berries and vegetables), Of watermelons prepare tasty jam and candied fruit. The seeds produced edible oils. Watermelon is good for people of any age. Its medicinal properties are widely used in medicine.

A few tips on how to choose a ripe "striped berry":

1. It is advisable not to buy watermelons until mid- August. Even the natural ripening varieties ripen until the end of July;

2. Ripe watermelon makes a hollow sound when pat his hand;

3. Ripe watermelon crunches even small squeezing;

4. Never buy cracked watermelon;

5. Too much of a watermelon hills - overfed, too small - usually immature. Choose only the medium-sized watermelons;

6. A large white patch on the side of watermelon - a sign of immaturity. Choose a watermelon with a small white spot;

7. A ripe watermelon is easily scratched with a fingernail;

8. Never buy watermelons near highways! Torn watermelon "breathes", it easily absorbs toxins from the air.

9. Once cured, the tail - not an indicator of ripeness;

10. In the section of the fiber must be white. Fiber yellow is a sign of excess nitrates;

11. IMPORTANT TEST. Cutting the watermelon home, dip a piece of flesh in a glass of cold water. If the water turned pink - tinted with watermelon in the truest sense of the word (introduced a dye). This watermelon is dangerous;

12. Nitrates in watermelon evenly distributed. Most of them have a thin skin and at the stem. For children it is best to give the pulp out of the middle;

13. Watermelon with a sour smell can be seriously poisoned;

14. Nowadays, you can make jam out of watermelon peels, if this watermelon purchased on or after August 20 (even better - in September). With the modern technology fast growing watermelons used many harmful substances that concentrate just under the skin;

15. Ripe red watermelon is not only on the cut, but certainly sweet. Unripe watermelon red syringe make injection of urea solution (sometimes, and just urine seller), but due to the sweetness of this does not appear;

16. Cut watermelon should be eaten within 2-3 hours. So buy a watermelon size. Cut watermelon desirable to keep even in the refrigerator for more than 3 hours - the pulp of the watermelon a good breeding ground for germs. Therefore, sliced ​​watermelon can be strongly poisoned. It is a matter of chance, despite what the microbes fall when cut at the watermelon.

Therapeutic use of watermelon

Watermelon has a strong diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and tonic properties. Normalizes metabolism and increases intestinal peristalsis.

In folk medicine watermelon diuretic for edema associated with kidney disease and cardiovascular systems, as well as in diseases of the liver and biliary disease. Watermelon does not irritate the kidneys and urinary tract.

The content of alkaline compounds regulates the acid -base balance, so that the watermelon is used in the acidosis of different origin. The content in watermelon flesh easily digestible sugars and water makes use of watermelon in chronic and acute liver diseases.

Watermelon is also used for obesity and the need for fasting, as indicated in the course of treatment. Cellulose pulp watermelon improves digestion, promotes the excretion of cholesterol, as contained in watermelon folic acid and vitamin C have anti-sclerotic action. Pectin and a small amount of fiber in the pulp of watermelon contribute to “optimize” the gut and do not cause flatulence.

In folk medicine, the watermelon juice was used to nutritionally -vitamin facial masks that prevent sagging, both dry and oily skin, improve its color, make soft and smooth.

* Watermelon improve digestion. Cellulose pulp of watermelon helps life of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. Watermelon is rich in alkaline substances that neutralize excess acids that come from basic foods: eggs, fish, meat and bread.

* Folic acid, which is found in watermelon is important for cardiovascular diseases. She is involved in the synthesis of amino acids and blood formation, regulates fat metabolism, has anti-sclerotic action, as contained watermelon pulp choline and vitamins C and P.

Folic acid is found in vegetables: cauliflower, green peas, spinach, but when it is destroyed by cooking.

* Watermelon is useful in the aftermath of a long and severe illness, as well as after surgery, especially if it is done under general anesthesia.

* Watermelon - excellent diuretic known for a long time. It should have a swelling associated with diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys and liver.

* When kidney stones, cystitis and nephritis can be eaten between 2 and 2.5 kg of watermelon a day.

* When nephrolithiasis alkalinity of the urine under the influence of substances contained in watermelon increases, salt transformed into a soluble state and output due to the diuretic effect. In this case, the watermelon should have equal portions, and can be at night.

* A decoction of fresh watermelon seeds and watermelon peels has a good diuretic. You can also use dried watermelon rind, if not fresh.

* In chronic cystitis, nephritis, kidney stones, bladder and ureter should prepare a diuretic.

Thinly cut the outer layer of green watermelon rind, finely sliced​​, dried first in a warm oven, and then finally dried at room temperature. Use 1 teaspoon 3 times a day before meals with honey diluted in water: 50 g of warm boiled water 0.5 teaspoons of honey. Store the dried watermelon rind in a paper bag.

* To quench their thirst, and the lower the temperature in febrile states in folk medicine patients given pulp and juice of watermelon.

Use and watermelon "milk", which is made from crushed watermelon seeds. Their ground in cold water in a ratio of 1:10, and drink every 2 hours to 1 teaspoon (you can add sugar or fruit syrup).

* A decoction of dried and fresh crusts (1:10) Take 0.5 cup 3-4 times a day as a diuretic.

* At colitis prepare a broth of watermelon peels and take 0.5 cup 4-5 times a day. 100 g of dried crusts poured 0.5 liters of boiling water and insist to cool.

* Fiber watermelon, increasing intestinal motility and accelerates the removal of excess cholesterol, hence watermelon is useful in atherosclerosis and hypertension.

* Useful watermelon and anemia because in addition to folic acid it contains iron salts.

* When bleeding watermelon seeds, minced and mashed with milk, stop the bleeding.

* When angina and pulmonary tuberculosis is recommended to gargle with watermelon juice.

* In diseases of the liver and gall bladder out of the body watermelon liquid fuels and liver tissue easily digestible sugars.

* When gallstones watermelons used in clinical nutrition, and they are a good cholagogue hepatitis.

* Watermelon is useful for functional recovery of the liver after jaundice.

* In diabetes are recommended small doses of watermelon. This is due to the fact that many mature watermelon fructose, which is readily absorbed and, unlike sucrose, does not cause load on the machine pancreatic islet. But diabetics should be very careful with watermelons.

* Watermelon Seeds like pumpkin seeds have anthelmintic activity. Their use for the treatment of intestinal parasites and to prevent worms. Fresh watermelon seeds are pounded with a heavy object to crush them, and do not grind to a powder. To 1 liter of water take 100 grams of seeds, boil for 45 minutes on low heat, then strain and drink three times a day for 200-250 g

It is recommended to use dried watermelon seeds, minced, and milk in a proportion of 1:10, and during the day to drink 2 cups of mixture between meals.

* In skin diseases, for the treatment of non-healing wounds festering use watermelon lotion: to inflict a wound paste of red watermelon flesh.

* Prescription of Chinese medicine for burns (even large, up to the third-degree burns) facilitate the patient's condition with the fermented juice of watermelon.

First burns cool washed with saline or water, and then once a day make lotions juice, which is prepared as follows: pulp and juice ripe watermelon placed in a clean glass jar, sealed and left at room temperature for 3-4 months, and then the juice is filtered. After a while he gets a sour smell. Lotion is applied to the burned area.

By this means, burns first and second power generally heal in 8-9 days, and third degree burns - after 18-21 days.

* Regular consumption of watermelon in food provides a healthy sleep, peace of mind, and men - increase potency.

* Headache, migraine helps tied to the forehead and temples thick watermelon rind.

Therapeutic watermelon powder

Perhaps the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system in the world it's low back pain.

Means and methods of treatment, respectively, too much, but traditional medicine is not far behind.

Introducing the people's well - proven recipe for the treatment of osteoarthritis:

This is watermelon powder.

Cook it very simply: Remove the rind from the watermelon green, dried in an oven and then in a coffee grinder to grind these crusts.

The norm for reception of watermelon powder is the first week of 1/2 teaspoon 2 times a day, the second week - 1 teaspoon 2 times a day, the third week - 1 teaspoon 3 times a day before eating, drinking warm water.

But be careful: watermelon (including its crust) has a strong diuretic effect, moreover, he is driving well out of the body salt. So take a remedy for osteoporosis with extreme caution and be sure to simultaneously take potassium rich foods, such as dried apricots, prunes, raisins, buckwheat, in order to prevent the loss of potassium in the body.

If some time to drink this water melon powder in the morning on an empty stomach, then cleared his fine bile ducts, shattering the gallstones, cholecystitis prevention will be held. In this case, the admission rate of 1 teaspoon with a glass of warm water. Then do not eat or drink for 15-20 minutes.

Watermelon honey

(bekmes)

Ingredients:

• Watermelon - 8 kg

• Sugar - 1 tbsp. liter.

• Lemon juice - 1 tsp.

Preparation:

It is prepared from ripe sweet watermelon.

Choose a pulp through a sieve, strain through two layers of cheesecloth, pressing well to near dryness.

The resulting juice is brought to a boil while stirring constantly and taking off reddish foam. The juice is then filtered and again, stirring to not burnt, boiled over a slow fire.

"Med" is ready when the volume is reduced by 5-6 times. In this case, the juice becomes thick, slightly stretchy.

At the very end of cooking, add sugar and pour the lemon juice.

Honey pour into jars, cool and enjoy.

Of this amount is obtained 1 small pot treats, but the work is worth it.

WARNING!!!

• Watermelon "honey" is not recommended for use in patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity, as it has a lot of sugars - up to 90%. Diabetics should eat watermelon to eat very little, and in small doses, it is even useful.

• Contraindicated watermelon large amount flatulence, since it contributes to the formation of gases in the colon.

Bekmes or pekmez (Turkish pekmez) - thick juice (syrup), fruit, berries and vegetables. Grape is also known as nardek or doshab.

The main methods of preparation:

- Heating of the fire (usually in a water bath in the industry - a tinned copper boilers or special installations bekmesovarochnyh);

- Evaporation in the sun (gives a fragrant and useful bekmesy, but is only possible in the climatic conditions of Central Asia, and similar to them, where the air is hot and dry).

Prepared without added sugar - that distinguishes bekmesy on cue. Squeezed from overripe fruit juice, bring to a boil, boil, boil, without giving, then settled and filtered, after evaporation of a part of the volume (depending on the feedstock - 50 to 80%) is similar to the consistency of honey. Contains sugar, organic acids and vitamins, it is used in confectionery and wine as well as nutritional and therapeutic products.

In the wine industry is usually made of boiling wort is used to increase the sugar content of ordinary fortified wines (it is clarified after cooking). In the confectionery industry - semi-finished products for the preparation of other types of sweets - jams, sherbets, Irchan, figs, in addition to Turkish Delight and other products.

Orange

Orange

Sweet orange belongs to the family Rutaceae. It is an evergreen tree with a spherical crown and fruit, like a ball. Fetuses orange peel, aromatic, juicy and very tasty sweet-sour pulp.

Wild species as orange is not found. Cultivate it in tropical and subtropical countries. Growing regions is East and Central Asia, the Mediterranean, South America, South Africa, Australia. In taste surpasses all orange citrus fruit and a dessert.

In orange fruits contain up to 13 % sugar, 2-3 % citric acid, vitamin C (65 mg %), B1, B2, B6, P, provitamin A, pectin and nitrogenous substances, carbohydrates, fiber, ash, volatile, minerals (potassium - 197 mg %, phosphorus, calcium). Orange peel contains essential oils.

Eat fruit orange fresh, prepare them candied fruits, jams, jellies, used for flavoring confectionery. Orange juice - one of the most common and useful fruit juice, it is well quenches thirst. Insist on the skin of the fruit wines and liqueurs, and candied fruits.

Orange peel contains essential oil, which is for making fruit drinks, alcoholic beverages and dairy production.

Therapeutic use of orange

* Sour-sweet pulp of an orange, its juice - fresh or canned - stimulate the appetite and help improve digestion, stimulate the secretion of bile.

* In the treatment of hypo-and avitaminosis and simply useful to use for the prevention of oranges, which contain a lot of vitamins.

* Due to the large amount of potassium, ascorbic acid and other vitamins oranges are useful in hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity, liver disease, gout.

* If you eat a few slices of orange, along with fatty foods, it is better digested, cholesterol levels will decrease, and this will greatly reduce the risk of thrombosis and heart attacks.

* First of oranges in folk medicine used for the treatment of infected wounds and ulcers, as in oranges are strong volatile, killing some disease-causing microbes. Orange juice has antimicrobial properties. These natural and effective antibiotics used in medicine and in cosmetics and food industry.

* Essential orange oil - a great tool to eliminate the infection of the mouth. Pectin, contained in fruits oranges, improve bowel contribute to the removal of harmful substances and inhibition of putrefaction. Elderly people suffering from chronic constipation, it is recommended to eat oranges, drink juice in the morning on an empty stomach (at the normal acidity of the stomach) or in the evening before bed time.

* If constipation prepares a decoction of the peel of an orange, the fruit of cumin and buckthorn bark (1:1:8). 1 tablespoon of the mixture pour 1 cup of water, bring to a boil, cooled and filtered. In the morning and evening drink of 200 g.

* Gastritis with low acidity prepared infusion of equal parts of orange peel, leaf watch, herbs centaury, rhizome, bitter wormwood. 1 table spoon of raw pour 1 cup boiling water, boil in water bath in a sealed container for 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature and filtered. Take tincture 3 times a day 30 minutes before a meal to 100 g.

* In gastritis and liver complaints, a mixture of equal parts of shredded orange peel, valerian root, leaf and mint watch. Brewed with 2 teaspoons of the mixture and 1 cup of boiled water for 30 minutes under the lid and filter. Take 200 g 3 times a day after meals.

* When kidney stones and certain chronic diseases of the gall bladder is useful to drink a mixture of juices made ​​from orange and lemon, black radish, sweetened with honey mixture.

* In order to facilitate breathing bronchitis (especially in acute bronchitis) make orange inhalation: a patient within 30 minutes should breathe vapors decoction of grated orange peel and orange leaves of a tree.

* Oranges have a tonic effect, help to better endure fatigue and even lower sensitivity to cold.

* Essential orange oil helps to cope with depression, regain strength and improve your mood.

* The complex is useful for the substances found in oranges, accelerates the healing process and promotes the excretion of metabolic products from the body.

* A decoction of orange peel well to the effects of lead poisoning, as an antidote. 2 tablespoons peeled 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil over low heat, covered 5 minutes, infused for 20 minutes, strain and drink 1 glass of warm every 5 hours. Additionall recommended daily drink 200 grams of sour orange juice.

* Oranges are a good sedative contribute to relief from palpitations, convulsions, hysteria. It is believed that the juice of sour oranges helps reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.

* To prepare a soothing herbal tea 1.5 teaspoons chopped orange peel together with 1.5 teaspoons of lemon balm herb brewed with 1.5 cups of boiling water, tightly closed, insist 15 minutes, strain and add 1.5 teaspoons of tincture of valerian and honey to taste.

Drink 150-200 g 2-3 times a day.

CAUTION!!!

Drinking large quantities of oranges has an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines and kidneys. Consequently, the oranges are not recommended for stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, enteritis, gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice, exacerbation of colitis and inflammatory bowel disease, cholecystitis, hepatitis and acute nephritis.

However, a small amount of orange juice, half diluted with water, you can drink.